强推！《共产党宣言》是难能可贵的佳作！(15)

B.Petty-BourgeoisSocialismThefeudalaristocracywasnottheonlyclassthatwasruinedbythebourgeoisie,nottheonlyclasswhoseconditionsofexistencepinedandperishedintheatmosphereofmodernbourgeoissociety.Themedievalburgessesandthesmallpeasantproprietorsweretheprecursorsofthemodernbourgeoisie.
ManifestooftheCommunistParty31Inthosecountrieswhicharebutlittledeveloped,industriallyandcommercially,thesetwoclassesstillvegetatesidebysidewiththerisingbourgeoisie.
Incountrieswheremoderncivilisationhasbecomefullydeveloped,anewclassofpettybourgeoishasbeenformed,fluctuatingbetweenproletariatandbourgeoisie,andeverrenewingitselfasasupplementarypartofbourgeoissociety.Theindividualmembersofthisclass,however,arebeingconstantlyhurleddownintotheproletariatbytheactionofcompetition,and,asmodernindustrydevelops,theyevenseethemomentapproachingwhentheywillcompletelydisappearasanindependentsectionofmodernsociety,tobereplacedinmanufactures,agricultureandcommerce,byoverlookers,bailiffsandshopmen.
IncountrieslikeFrance,wherethepeasantsconstitutefarmorethanhalfofthepopulation,itwasnaturalthatwriterswhosidedwiththeproletariatagainstthebourgeoisieshoulduse,intheircriticismofthebourgeoisrégime,thestandardofthepeasantandpettybourgeois,andfromthestandpointoftheseintermediateclasses,shouldtakeupthecudgelsfortheworkingclass.Thusarosepetty-bourgeoisSocialism.