子谦译文｜创业教什么：六种主流创业理论的对比研究(55)

在创业企业的后期阶段，需要更多的结构，两个主要的例子就是设计思维和精益创业。在这里，通过假设检验的过程、重定向能力、持续性学习和知识扩展更加结构化和组织化，企业的目标和愿景由一个被称为“创始人”或“团队成员”的小团队来阐述。与实际情况相比，它的交互更加正式和务实，以便将驱动过程的人与他们的“客户”或“用户”区分开来。在这里，重定向功能仍然很重要，但它只是在特定的时间点被开发利用，因此也被称为“枢轴”或“迭代”，它反映了更高程度的复杂性，依赖于明确的角色和分工。而且由于在后期创业过程中投入了更多的时间和资源，关键创业者或创始团队的重要角色在这些方法中的作用更为突出，一旦出现差错，后果将另他们更难以承受。

In mature ventures, redirection is not an affordable or desirable option except in very specific situations. An example of an entrepreneurial method appropriate here is business planning. This method exhibits little to no emphasis on redirection, continuous learning, or continuous knowledge expansion (see Table 2). Instead, it translates what is already known into plans before starting the journey and at predefined times throughout the journey. Business planning is focused on the execution of a goal defined at the outset, and all the activities are designed to further progress toward that goal (Shane and Delmar 2003; Karlsson and Honig 2009). An emphasis on necessity to plan carefully and avoid redirection whenever possible could be due to an implicit assumption that losses in mature ventures can be costly, as exemplified by later stage venture financing. Venture capitalists often request to review business plans before investing large amounts of money into a venture (Brinckmann et al. 2010).