子谦译文｜创业教什么：六种主流创业理论的对比研究(58)

尽管在将创业方法与创业阶段模型相结合方面存在挑战，但这些方法似乎随着时间的流逝是互补的。当一个新公司的风险较低时，可能适用的方法是效果逻辑理论；在风险较高的时，采用精益创业；然后到了进行风险投资的时候，例如在引入大量风险投资时，除非向投资者展示详细的计划或提议，否则很少有投资者愿意进行资源投入。此外，如果没有明确的目标就需要不断进行改变，即实现非目的性的努力；有流动性的目标会促进变更，即精益创业和设计思想；具有固定的目标会导致面对变更时缺乏灵活性，也就是商业计划、发现驱动型规划和规范性创业方法。
To avoid premature assignment of entrepreneurial methods to certain venture phases, a venture phaseagnostic metaphor of boating is proposed here to inspire future research.The size of the boat represents the phase of an entrepreneurial venture. Applying effectuation could then be viewed as traveling in a rowboat, where whoever boards the rowboat is allowed to row and thus reorient its direction somewhat. Any loss in speed or even of the boat itself is affordable, since the pace is slow and the boat is small. Space is limited, so each passenger needs to bring something of value on the journey. Applying the lean startup methodology could be viewed as traveling in a sailboat, where a redirection is analogous to upwind sailors tacking into the wind incarefully planned maneuvers. The more formal roles of a founder and a team are analogous to a captain and a sailboat crew, respectively, being a necessity on a more expensive and complex boat traveling in more dangerous waters. Applying business planning could be viewed as traveling in a large ferry toward a carefully planned destination, and where a loss of the boat is very costly.