子谦译文｜创业教什么：六种主流创业理论的对比研究(62)

对实践中的一些关键影响也是显而易见的。创业者应批判性地考虑提供给他们的建议，以决定是否以及何时采用一种适合自己的创业方法，同时兼顾考虑到发展阶段和发展背景。易用性并不意味着未来的创业会成功，创业方法之间缺乏理论上的严密性，尤其是在不确定性管理和团队合作方面，这表明创业者可能需要对这两个关键问题形成自己的全面理解。例如，这些方法倾向于提供现成的答案，而不是激励创业者在面对未知情况时进行自我的发现过程。创业者还可以认识从商业计划的缺点中获悉，它与创业过程的许多关键方面不符。早期的融资者可以评估这种差异，并在评估要资助哪些企业时借鉴其他创业方法。如果学者们根据上述理论含义采取行动，创业者们将有机会获得更全面和实证研究的元方法，这些方法会将企业的背景和发展阶段置于规范型工作的中心。
6.3Implications for educators and policymakers 对教育者和决策者的影响
This study also has implications for educators and policymakers. Educators can now use the three-tiered framework and the nine conceptual dimensions to help students make sense of the existing entrepreneurial methods, illustrating their strengths, weaknesses, and complementarities. The temporal, contextual, directional, and uncertainty-related differences presented here can also be explored in more depth in academic settings as a way of teaching and communicating them more effectively. The rigor–relevance gap, exhibited by entrepreneurial methods as well as other submanagement theories, calls for attention from educators who rely on these methods in practically oriented courses and modules. Educators could communicate with students in a transparent manner about limitations in theoretical rigor, applicability, actionability, empirical evidence base, and contextual sensitivity. Methods that are exciting or convenient to teach, such as the lean startup methodology and business planning, are not effective in all settings. Moreover, policymakers could address these shortcomings in research, education, and entrepreneurial ecosystems by demanding more practical relevance from their research grants. In this way, policymakers could inspire researchers, educators, incubator and accelerator coaches, university officials, entrepreneurship consultants, ecosystem designers, and others to raise the bar for theoretical rigor and at the same time, for contextual relevance and applicability. These efforts would strengthen the empirical evidence base of the entrepreneurial methods that are being studied, recommended, and implemented in a multitude of settings.