子谦译文｜创业教什么：六种主流创业方法的比较(28)

在模型层面上，表1显示了大量的模型，它们规定了代表创业过程迭代性质的程序步骤，这可以看作是对启发式方法或算法的总结。在一些模型中，比如精益创业、效果逻辑和设计思维，它们都有一个清晰的顺序和反馈循环作为其方法的一部分，为如何实现创业目标提供了明确的迭代模型。商业计划为必要的活动提供了一个明确的顺序，但这个活动只是在流程开始时或在一个预先确定的周期(即年度计划周期)中使用。尽管如此，作为一个重要的模型，它还列举了一些具体步骤和重点领域。一些模型涉及到外部利益相关者的参与，比如精益创业，通过与外部利益相关者如客户、合作伙伴、供应商和投资者的频繁互动，可以做出明智的决策。类似的，设计思维还概述了收集用户反馈的步骤，来提高想法的质量，并根据收到的反馈结果来完善这些步骤。
For the lower level of tactics, Table 1 illustrates that many of the entrepreneurial methods provide tactics that are aligned with their overarching logics. For instance, the lean startup methodology includes tactics such as concierge, A/B tests, and making early MVPs. Similarly, design thinking offers prototyping, customer interviews, and mixtapes to help entrepreneurs navigate the five phases of design thinking. Table 1 shows that Comparing effectuation to discovery-driven planning, prescriptive entrepreneurship, business planning, lean...the scholarly grounded entrepreneurial methods provide markedly less advice on this level than the practitioner grounded counterparts, illustrating a difference in inclinations for giving detailed and explicit prescriptions.