子谦译文｜创业教什么：六种主流创业方法的比较(38)

第四个概念维度涉及方法在多大程度上认可创业者在创业过程中的作用，尤其是与新信息、失败和意外有关的因素。尽管除了商业计划之外，所有的创业方法都对创业创造过程有一个递归的理解，但它们也允许不同程度的过程所有权。商业计划对方法有一种线性的理解，虽然在实际过程中可能会发生重新定向，但该方法在这方面并没有提供明确或隐含的建议，而效果逻辑、设计思维和精益创业等方法，明确地包含意外和偶然性，发现性驱动计划和规范性创业指导创业者避免未来的意外。值得注意的是，从原则上讲，创业方法是可以接受方向上的改变的想法，但是在重定向发生的点上，两种方法之间出现了差异。在效果逻辑、设计思维和精益创业方法论中，只要有新信息被挖掘出来，就会发生重定向；另一方面，在发现性驱动计划和规范性创业方法中，重定向的决定是在一个完整的周期结束时才会做出的。
尽管发现性驱动计划和规范性创业已经将重定向的想法纳入到他们的方法中去，但这也没什么用，因为它们没有提供明确的理由来说明为什么面对新兴理解时，这些方向上的变化是相关和必要的。
4.5Continuous learning 持续性学习
The fifth conceptual dimension refers to the role of feedback and how it provides learning opportunities for entrepreneurs during venture creation activities. Continuous learning from feedback plays an important role in shaping the trajectory of the entrepreneurial process (Minniti and Bygrave 2001). Feedback can be the outcome of a deliberate process of information gathering, as in the lean startup methodology, design thinking, and discovery-driven planning. It can also be the result of serendipity and happenstance, as in effectuation and prescriptive entrepreneurship (Harmeling and Sarasvathy 2013). In all entrepreneurial methods except for business planning, a high value is placed on continuous learning and the philosophical grounding of the venture creation process in newly learned insights. Feedback from the external environment is stressed as a source of continuous learning (cf. Kolb 1984). Effectuation deviates somewhat from the other methodologies by placing less focus on continuous learning as an inherent strategy and moreasa by-product of following other recommendations. The lean startup methodology and, to some extent, design thinking are more explicit, using validated learning as a cornerstone of their main ideas. Such a continuous learning necessitates a need for revisiting and revising transient assumptions held by entrepreneurs in the face of newly acquired information (Ries 2011).