子谦译文｜创业教什么：六种主流创业方法的比较(59)

因此，为了避免过早地将创业方法和特定的创业阶段所绑定，本文提出了一个创业阶段的“划船”比喻，来启发未来的研究。船的大小代表了创业的各个阶段：皮划艇上的旅行可以看作是效果逻辑的应用，任何登上艇的人都可以划船，从而在某种程度上重新调整了船的方向；而任何速度的损失，甚至是船体本身的损失都是可以承受的，因为船小，速度慢，空间有限，所以每位乘客在旅途中都需要带些有价值的东西；帆船上的旅行可以看作是精益创业的应用，在帆船上重定向能力类似于逆风的水手在大风中整齐规划的动作，创始人和团队重要成员角色类似于船长和船员，在更昂贵、更复杂的船只上，在更危险的水域航行是必需的；乘坐大型渡轮前往一个精心规划的目的地可以看作是商业计划的应用，这个时候船只的损失的代价是非常昂贵的。

Implications影响力
6.1Implications for theory 对理论的影响
A key theoretical implication of this study is that scholars can use the key strengths of some entrepreneurial methods to improve aspects of other entrepreneurial methods that require theoretical and practical development. In particular, insights from this enquiry enable scholars to take advantage of the theoretical strengths that effectuation is grounded in and the strengths around actionable, tactical prescription that the lean startup methodology and design thinking provide. Our study also shows weaknesses among the six methods, especially in the areas of team collaboration and contextual sensitivity. For example, it might not make much sense to give effectuation based advice when potential losses are far from affordable, or when roles and responsibilities are already established and when continuous redirection of strategic choices is a less viable strategy.