子谦译文｜第五类（代）创业教育理论：价值创造(3)

创业被视为一种新的价值创造，是创业教育中一个正在兴起的观点。教育工作者发现，这是一种有用的方法，可以避免将创业融入教育的既定方法所造成的两种困境的情况的出现。然而，关于创业的价值创造观这个关键问题，到目前还缺乏明确的答案，那就是：什么是价值？因此针对这一研究空白，本文提出了一个由经济价值、娱乐价值、社会价值、和谐价值和影响力价值五种不同价值构成的价值框架。每种价值都可以为自己和他人体验和创造，因此构成了总共十种不同的价值观。这个价值框架在实践中对从事教育设计工作的教师非常有用。它对评估创业教育对学生的影响也很有用，可以帮助学生提出新的见解，从而提高创业教育的有效性。价值框架也为什么是创业以及人们为什么要从事创业提供了新的解释。但本文的一个局限性是，在对“价值”这样的通用术语进行系统的文献综述时还存在内在的困难。
Keywords
关键词
entrepreneurship, value creation, entrepreneurship education, enterprise education, valuation studies, economic sociology
创业，价值创造，创业实践教育，创业者教育，价值评估，经济社会学
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INTRODUCTION 导言
There are two established ways to infuse entrepreneurship into education (QAA, 2012; Jones & Iredale, 2010). One approach is called entrepreneurship education, and is based on entrepreneurship being narrowly defined as starting new businesses (Gartner, 1989). The aim of entrepreneurship education is to educate those relatively few students who are interested in business start-ups, i.e. to prepare people to become entrepreneurs. The other established approach to infuse entrepreneurship into education is called enterprise education, and is based on entrepreneurship being more broadly defined as identifying (Shane, 2003) or creating (Sarasvathy, 2001) new opportunities. Here the aim is to develop students’ creativity, self-confidence, sense of initiative, opportunity orientation, uncertainty to lerance and perseverance, i.e. to make people more entrepreneurial (QAA, 2012).