子谦译文｜创业教什么：六种主流创业方法的比较(31)

最终，整个会议将概念维度的总数减少到九个。一方面，由于这九个维度是从六种既定的创业方法中归总结而来的，所以没有任何一种维度是可以单独作为基准的。另一方面，整个过程还进行了更客观、公正和通用的比较。在会议的最后阶段，编辑和同行评审人员评估了初步的框架和维度，并进行了较小的修订，最终形成了这九个维度：不确定性管理、资源管理、知识扩展、重定向能力、持续学习、迭代过程、利益相关者互动、团队合作和价值创造（请参见表2）。
On the level of logic, many of the reviewed methods advise that entrepreneurs cope with uncertainty (i.e., uncertainty management) by systematically drawing on what is already known and then determining what information needs to be gathered (i.e., knowledge expansion), effectively making use of available and necessary resources (i.e., resource management). Most methods emphasize the importance of letting the generated insights direct the forward momentum of the process in drastic ways if necessary (i.e., redirection power). In the lean startup methodology, a drastic turn triggered by insights is called a “pivot. ”On the level of model, several methods outline a cyclical model (i.e., iterative process) of learning from interactions (i.e.,continuous learning) with external stakeholders (i.e., stakeholder interaction). Effectuation (Wiltbank et al.2006, p. 992; Read et al. 2016, p. 195) and the lean startup methodology (Ries 2011, p. 81) both contain visualization of cyclical models. Design thinking suggests a more back-and-forth approach, also resulting in an iterative process (Rauth 2015, p. 20). On the level of tactics, some methods emphasize taking action throughteam-based efforts (i.e., team collaboration) to create value for external stakeholders (i.e., value creation). The lean startup method involves creating an MVP. Design thinking, on the other hand, hinges on the creation of a prototype,and in effectuation, a key objectiveis to secure the commitment of stakeholders. Next, the framework with its nine conceptual dimensions will be used to conduct a second round of comparisons of the six entrepreneurial methods.