子谦译文｜第五类（代）创业教育理论：价值创造(14)

The term “value” has been frequently used in the domain of economics. Among classical economists such as Marx (1867), Smith (1776), and Ricardo (1817), there was consensus around a framework of three phases that value progresses: production (or creation), circulation (or trade/exchange) and consumption (or use/destruction) of value (Mirowski, 1991, p. 143). However, value is more elusive as a concept than such simple frameworks would allow us to believe. Sociology scholars have assumed a more pluralistic view of value. In fact, discussions around value could be viewed as divided between economists and sociologists, illustrated by the example of Parson’s Pact, a deal struck between different departments at Harvard University in the middle of the 20th century: “You, economists, study value; we, the sociologists, will study values” (Stark, 2011, p. 7). Such a division between singular and plural views of value is ultimately a question of degrees of commensurability, calculability and comparability between different, more or less incommensurable kinds of value (Kornberger et al., 2015; Kjellberg et al., 2013).