子谦译文｜第五类（代）创业教育理论：价值创造(16)

What counts? Each of us confronts this question on a daily basis. Faced with decisions involving incommensurable frameworks – work versus family life, career opportunities versus loyalty to friends or attachment to a locality, vacations versus investments for retirement, and so on – we ask ourselves what really counts. What is valuable, and by what measures?
单一和标准化的价值衡量常常被视为科学计算的必要要求，例如在经济学中，这种数学计算被用于确定价格和预测市场。在任何这种试图达成单一价值概念的尝试中，都存在一种逻辑上必要但同时又有损于假定的稳定性和价值守恒的假设，从而导致重大困难和矛盾，这使得现代经济理论易于处理常规价值创造、价格、消费和均衡情况的成熟市场，而对于分析创业价值创造、创新、共同创造和生产则不是那么有用。狭义的经济价值计算也使公平、生态、平等和共同利益等其他价值边缘化和沉寂。经济社会学家斯塔克(Stark)问道：什么才是重要的？我们每个人每天都要面对这个问题。面对涉及到不可衡量框架的决定——工作还是家庭生活、职业机会还是对朋友的忠诚或对某个地方的依恋、度假还是退休投资等这些问题时——我们扪心自问，什么才是真正重要的。什么是有价值的，有什么方法可以来衡量它？
Stark draws on Dewey (1939) to point out the dangers of separating the intellectual from the emotive through dichotomies such as value versus values, economy versus society, calculation versus judgment, or estimate versus esteem. They both state that such separations lead to flawed assumptions around human action and valuation. Stark points to the fact that the term “worth” is a bridging term in that it has both an economic and a moral meaning. While semantics does not offer a solution, it helps to illustrate and make us aware of the many false dichotomies at play here. Other bridging terms, such as “socioeconomics,” have been proposed to describe new arenas and forms of value creation in today’s society characterized by openness, sharing, co-creation and global networking, which defy singular categorizations of value (Bollier and Pavlovich, 2008). An emerging scholarly field labeled “valuation studies” represents an attempt to unite a broad number of scholars from many different disciplines grappling with issues related to value and valuation (for an overview, see Helgesson and Muniesa, 2013).